Coín’s municipal territory stretches from the considerable heights of the Alpujata range, one of the mountain masses that separate the interior of the province from the western coast, to the centre of the Guadalhorce valley region. This descent is gentle but there are strong contrasts to be seen not only in the changing contours of the earth but also in the types of crops and vegetation. Thus, while pines and cork oaks abound in the mountains, the landscape of the lower elevations is dominated by orchards and gardens, and near the River Guadalhorce broad expanses of citrus and even subtropical crops make their appearance.

It is not strange in such a country as this, with a temperate climate, favourable terrain and abundant water, since the Rivers Pereilas and Grande, tributaries of the Guadalhorce, flow through it, that the first human settlements occurred during the Paleolithic period. The site known as the “Taller” (workshop) of Ardite furnished materials for making tools during that prehistoric period, while notable Metals Age sites are Cerro Carranque and Llano de la Virgen, which has been designated a Bien de Interés Cultural (Property of Cultural Interest).
Another archaeological site, Cerro del Aljibe, furnishes proof of the passage of the Greeks, Phoenicians, Iberians and Romans through this area, and burial sites from the Visigothic era have been found at Cerro de las Calaveras. All this indicates that the municipality of Coín has been inhabited continuously since very remote times to the present day.
The actual foundation of Coín was during the Muslim era, however. According to the chronicler of Abderramán III, the former Roman settlement was fortified in the year 920 by a high-ranking personage from Córdoba named Dakwan (Coín). Dakwan would play a very important role in the campaigns of Abderramán III against the Muladí rebel Omar Ben Hafsun until 928, the year of the fall of Bobastro, Omar Ben Hafsun’s general headquarters.
Three centuries later the Moroccan historian Ibn Adhari referred to Coín as Castro Dakwan (Fortress Dakwan), which has given rise to conjecture that the origin of the city’s name is Roman or at least Mozaribic, especially considering the existence of a Mozarabic cave basilica near the village, which indicates the existence of a Mozarabic community that predated the arrival of the army of Abderramán III.

During the Muslim period agriculture was especially developed in this municipality and, as in other localities in Andalusia, some of the irrigation infrastructure is still preserved. In about 1480 it was a medium-sized Nazarite Kingdom city, with some 3,000 residents. It should be kept in mind that in that period Málaga had some 20,000 souls and Granada about 50,000.
The city fell into the hands of the Christian troops in 1485, a fact that is reflected in the dressed stonework of the Toledo cathedral choir room. The Catholic King immediately afterward ordered the demolition of the fortress because due to its size it was too costly to maintain a garrison in it sufficient for its defence. Two years after the Conquest the place was repopulated and the lands distributed, and from the beginning of the sixteenth century the village showed a constant increase in population. It is the opinion of some writers that Coín had the honour of receiving a visit in 1594 by Miguel de Cervantes when, the great writer had a job as tax collector for the Crown.

There were 700 orchards and market gardens in 1773, in which all kinds of fruits and vegetables were grown. The countryside produced wheat, maize, olive oil, barley, hemp, figs, honey, silk, etc. and also had 14 oil mills and 20 flour mills, in a time when the population was 1,800. Coín entered the modern age in the twentieth century with the opening of the railway (no longer in existence) that linked the locality with the city of Málaga (1913), and in 1930 Alfonso XIII granted it the status of Ciudad (City) and its Town Hall the right to the appellation of “Excellent”.

Outstandings Visits:
Coín’s historical and artistic heritage is concentrated above all in its religious structures. It is with reason that the city was the seat of one of the vicariates into which the Bishopric of Málaga was divided, with jurisdiction over 14 villages in the province. The fact that in the sixteenth century seven cofradías (brotherhoods) had already been formed is an unequivocal indication of Coín’s religious importance.
The first church to be erected in Coín was the Santa María de la Encarnación church, which began as the first Muslim mosque to be consecrated for Christian worship. A Franciscan beaterio was built inside it in the early eighteenth century and a convent was constructed later that is notable for its baroque cloister.
The San Andrés church and the La Caridad hospital were originally built on the Plaza de San Andrés, and in 1520 were already occupying the present location. The church has a quite unusual L-shaped floor plan; it seems that the purpose was to place the ill in one of the branches in such a way that they were separated from the rest of the faithful. It is one of four churches in existence in Andalusia with this characteristic. The church’s Mudéjar coffered ceiling and stained glass windows are especially valuable works, as are its cloister and its unusual eighteenth century three-level façade with belfry, a construction that is outstanding among those of its era for its originality and beauty.

The San Juan church, completed in the mid-sixteenth century, is a good example of the columnar church group of Renaissance Andalusia. This building mixes classic features with Gothic and Mudéjar that, with the passage of time, display a harmonious conjunction of styles, although the baroque has predominated since the restoration that was done in the eighteenth century. The interior is remarkable for its Mudéjar coffered ceiling and two sculptures, one from the sixteenth century of Nuestra Señora de los Angeles (Our Lady of the Angels) and one of the Virgen de la Fuensanta (Virgin of Fuensanta, patron saint of Coín). The latter is a late Gothic work only 11 centimetres tall from the late fifteenth century that, it is believed, was brought to the village by some of the Christians that took part in the Conquest.
The original Nuestra Señora de la Fuensanta hermitage on the Monda road was already in existence in the sixteenth century. The current one dates from 1680, but was modified in the eighteenth century. The part of its architecture most worthy of note is its main chapel. It was conceived as an open “camarín” (niche for the patron saint image), and its lavish decoration brings to mind that of the camarín in the La Victoria church in the city of Málaga. It is a rococo style work with almost no part of its surface free of decoration.

The Torre de los Trinitarios (Trinitarians tower) was built outside the walls of the village, also on the road to Monda. It has a triangular base and is one of three towers in existence in Andalusia with a base of this type (the other two are that of the Santa Ana church in Archidona and that of the Las Mínimas convent in Ecija). It was the tower of the Santo Cristo de la Vera Cruz church, which belonged to what was first the Los Trinitarios and later the Franciscan convent. The latter order abandoned the site after the expulsions carried out by Mendizábal in the first third of the nineteenth century.
The Sala Arqueológica (Archaeological Hall) in the La Encarnación church (Plaza de Santa María; telephone: 952 453 211) houses more than 59 prehistoric and late prehistoric relics from the municipality.

How to Get There:
There are four routes to Coín from the Costa del Sol, but the one that is used the most leaves the city of Málaga by A-357 in the direction of Campillos. You will first come to Cártama, and at a very short distance from that village must take the A-355, which leads straight to Coín. You can likewise get to this locality by the N-340. Almost equidistant between Torremolinos and Málaga is the very well marked exit for the A-366, which first passes through Churriana, Alhaurín de la Torre, and Alhaurín el Grande before getting to Coín.
The other two access routes start at the Mediterranean Expressway (N-340). One of them is by the A-368 exit a few kilometres from Benalmádena; you must first go Mijas and later take the A-387 to Alhaurín el Grande, where you can connect with the A-366, which leads to Coín. From Fuengirola (another of the access points) you must take the A-387 to Mijas, and from there follow the same route as previously explained.

Interesting Facts:
Surface Area: 128.4 square kilometres
Population: about 20,000
What the natives are called: Coineños
Monuments: the churches of Santa María de la Encarnación, San Andrés, and San Juan, Nuestra Señora de la Fuensanta hermitage, Torre de los Trinitarios (Trinitarians Tower), Sala Arqueológica (Archaeological hall in the church of La Encarnación)
Geographical Location: in the southern part of the Guadalhorce valley region, 38 kilometres from Málaga and 210 metres above sea level. The average annual rainfall is 610 litres per square metre and the average temperature is 17º C.
Tourist Information: Town Hall, Plaza Alameda, 10 (29100). Telephone: 952 453 018; Fax: 952 453 284. Tourist Office, Plaza de Santa María (La Encarnación convent). Telephone: 952 453 211; Fax: 952 453 211